Is the Philippine Peso Backed by Gold?



When local news networks posted an article in 2020 that the central bank was going to start actively trading its gold reserves, I saw someone in the comments section ask if the Philippine peso had now been turned into a fiat currency.

I was very amused because the entire world has been running on fiat currency since the 1970s when the US went off the gold standard.

But I really should not have been surprised. When I was in high school, a classmate of mine asked our economics teacher why we couldn't just print money. Our teacher answered that we needed gold to do so. At that time, I had already read Robert Kiyosaki's Rich Dad, Poor Dad so I knew that her information was outdated. She was probably twice my age back then so I'm pretty sure we were already off the gold standard when she attended college.

A gold standard means that currency is either convertible to gold or can only be issued based on a country's gold reserves.

Prior to the 1970s, the Philippines was on a dollar standard (meaning we could issue pesos based on the amount of dollars we had) and the dollar was convertible into gold.

Can the Philippines pull off a gold standard?

According to BSP's latest report, we had 5.14 million fine troy ounces of gold reserves as of March 31, 2023. Meanwhile the broad money (M3) supply stood at 16.2 trillion pesos. This means that if the peso were convertible to gold, an ounce of gold would be worth millions of pesos. 


Is the ASEAN getting ready to go back to a gold standard?

Gold standards work best when each country has the same amount of gold in relation to their GDP. In fact, a report suggests that central banks within the European Union have been buying and selling gold among themselves in a bid to equalize their gold reserves in proportion to their GDP in preparation for a return to a gold standard.

Is ASEAN doing the same? 

In December 2014, three thousand five hundred metric tons of gold bars were allegedly shipped from the Philippines to Thailand.

Are we selling our gold reserves to our neighbors in preparation for a return to a gold standard?

While most countries were aggressively adding to their stockpile, this article reveals that we reduced our gold reserves by 18% since 2013.

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